Analytical Studies
Baseline characteristics are presented as means with standard deviation for continuous variables and numbers and percentages for categorical variables. Annual incidence rates (IR) were calculated as the number of events per 1000 person-years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HR and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) to analyze association between baseline blood pressure subgroups and cardiovascular and mortality outcomes. Additional analysis according to SBP/DBP combination groups was performed. Two-tailed P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA).
Efficiency
This research integrated 374,250 hypertension managed Koreans 75 many years otherwise earlier (Fig. 1), whoever standard features because of the benefit scale are offered during the Dining table 1. During the indicate pursue-up of 5.six years, twenty eight,621 people educated ischemic heart attack, fourteen,683 had MI, and 74,115 customers passed away. Essentially, clients with cardio experience frequency had highest prices away from CVD chance factorspared in order to players and no events, people who have ischemic coronary attack and you may MI frequency had rather high baseline blood pressure, was more mature, expected to become men, getting newest smokers, become physically deceased, provides all forms of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and you will chronic kidney state. Alcoholic beverages shown additional manner for ischemic coronary arrest and you will MI. This new no feel teams had highest cost of abdominal carrying excess fat and you can being obese. Surprisingly, in regards to mortality, those who passed away have been less inclined to have dyslipidemia.
Flowchart of cohort choice. A total of 374 250 victims was in fact qualified to receive new cohort, and you can was in fact accompanied having MI, ischemic coronary arrest, as well as-bring about demise up to
Cox regression analysis of adjusted HRs by SBP and DBP are shown in Fig. 2. The reference groups were SBP 120 to 129 mmHg and DBP < 70 mmHg. All three outcomes measures showed highest HRs and IRs with SBP ? 170 mmHg or DBP ? 100 mmHg, except for all-cause death with highest risk when SBP < 110 mmHg. HR by SBP followed a J-curve pattern for ischemic stroke, and a U-shaped pattern for all-cause death. The nadir SBP ranges were 120 to 129 mmHg (HR 1, reference group) and 140 to 149 mmHg (HR 0.961; 95 % CI 0.937 to 0.985) for ischemic stroke and all-cause death, respectively. For MI, SBP < 160 mmHg was a relatively homogenous group and HR significantly increased only once SBP ? 160 mmHg. Meanwhile, increasing DBP generally showed higher HRs for ischemic stroke. For MI and all-cause death, DBP up to 80 mmHg and 90 mmHg did not show any significant differences from the reference group, and HR significantly increased when DBP was ? 80 mmHg or ? 90 mmHg, respectively.
Chances ratios (HR) to have ischemic coronary attack, myocardial infarction (MI), and you will mortality with regards to the systolic blood circulation pressure (SBP) and you will diastolic blood pressure levels (DBP) category. The info is modified to own age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking/ drinking/exercise/money updates, and the visibility regarding diabetic issues mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and persistent renal problem (CKD). Brand new 95% firstmet confidence (CI) menstruation get while the straight contours towards Several hours
In the SBP/DBP combination analysis, HRs stratified by SBP/DBP groups were calculated (Fig. 3). The reference group was SBP 130 to 149 mmHg/DBP < 80 mmHg. For each SBP group, higher DBP groups yielded higher HRs for all three outcomes, except when SBP ? 150 mmHg, DBP < 80 mmHg had higher HRs than when DBP was 80 to 89 mmHg, also for all three outcomes. Regardless of SBP control, patients with the highest DBPs ? 90 mmHg had higher HRs compared to the reference group. While there was no additional consistent trend in ischemic stroke and MI, in terms of all-cause death, within the same DBP group, the highest HRs lay in the SBP groups < 130 mmHg.